Which Muscle-fiber Type Is Best Suited For Endurance Activities, Such As Long-distance Jogging?

Which of the post-obit is CORRECTLY paired?

A. cardiac musculus: nonstriated
B. smoothen muscle: striated
C. skeletal muscle: voluntary control
D. cardiac musculus: voluntary command

C. skeletal muscle: voluntary control

What causes the release of calcium from the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum within a muscle cell?

A. inflow of an action potential

The binding of calcium to which molecule causes the myosin binding sites to exist exposed?

B. troponin

A myosin caput binds to which molecule to class a cross bridge?

B. actin

What causes the myosin head to disconnect from actin?

A. binding of ATP

What energizes the power stroke?

A. hydrolysis of ATP

In a neuromuscular junction, synaptic vesicles in the motor neuron contain which neurotransmitter?

C. acetylcholine (ACh)

When an action potential arrives at the axon concluding of a motor neuron, which ion channels open?

A. voltage-gated calcium channels

What ways of membrane send is used to release the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft?

B. exocytosis

The binding of the neurotransmitter to receptors on the motor end plate causes which of the post-obit to occur?

A. Bounden of the neurotransmitter causes chemically gated sodium channels to open in the motor cease plate.

How is acetylcholine (ACh) removed from the synaptic cleft?

B. acetylcholinesterase (AChE; an enzyme)

The activeness potential on the musculus jail cell leads to contraction due to the release of calcium ions. Where are calcium ions stored in the muscle prison cell?

C. terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Excitation-contraction coupling is a serial of events that occur later the events of the
neuromuscular junction accept transpired. The term excitation refers to which step in the process?

A. Excitation refers to the shape change that occurs in voltage-sensitive proteins in the sarcolemma.
B. Excitation refers to the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
C. Excitation, in this case, refers to the propagation of action potentials along the sarcolemma.
D. Excitation refers to the propagation of activeness potentials forth the axon of a motor neuron.

D. Excitation refers to the propagation of action potentials along the axon of a motor neuron.

Excitation of the sarcolemma is coupled or linked to the contraction of a skeletal musculus fiber. What specific consequence initiates the contraction?

C. Calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum initiates the contraction.

A triad is equanimous of a T-tubule and two adjacent concluding cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. How are these components connected?

C. A series of proteins that control calcium release.

What is proper name given to the regularly spaced infoldings of the sarcolemma?

A. transverse or T tubules

Which of the following is near directly responsible for the coupling of excitation to contraction of skeletal muscle fibers?

A. Calcium ions.
B. Acetylcholine.
C. Action potentials.
D. Sodium ions.

A. Calcium ions.

What is the relationship between the number of motor neurons recruited and the number of skeletal muscle fibers innervated?

B. Typically, hundreds of skeletal musculus fibers are innervated by a single motor neuron.

Excitation-contraction coupling includes all EXCEPT which of the following events?

A. propagation of an action potential along the sarcolemma and down T tubules
B. bounden of calcium ions to troponin, which removes the blocking activeness of tropomyosin
C. release of acetylcholine from axon terminals at the neuromuscular junction
D. release of calcium ions from the final cisterns

C. release of acetylcholine from axon terminals at the neuromuscular junction

What is a cantankerous bridge cycle?

A. It is the wheel past which the sarcolemma is repeatedly depolarized and repolarized.
B. Information technology is a cycle of repeated stimuli resulting in summation of muscle twitches.
C. It is the bike in which motor units are recruited from modest to big, in club to produce gradual increases in force.
D. It is the cycle in which an energized myosin head binds to actin and performs a power stroke, then binds to ATP in society to detach and re-energize.

D. Information technology is the bike in which an energized myosin caput binds to actin and performs a power stroke, then binds to ATP in club to detach and re-energize.

Muscle tissue does Not ________.

A. produce move
B. generate rut
C. produce blood cells
D. maintain posture
E. stabilize joints

C. produce blood cells

Which type of muscle CANNOT contract without being stimulated by the nervous system?

A. skeletal
B. cardiac
C. smooth
D. visceral

A. skeletal

Which musculus characteristic describes the ability of muscle to respond to a stimulus?

A. excitability
B. contractility
C. extensibility
D. elasticity

A. excitability

Action potential propagation in a skeletal muscle cobweb ceases when acetylcholine is removed from the synaptic cleft. Which of the following mechanisms ensures a rapid
and efficient removal of acetylcholine?

C. Acetylcholine is degraded by acetylcholinesterase.

The neuromuscular junction is a well-studied instance of a chemical synapse. Which of the following statements describes a critical event that occurs at the neuromuscular junction?

D. When the action potential reaches the end of the axon terminal, voltage-gated sodium channels open up and sodium ions lengthened into the final.

B. Acetylcholine is released by axon terminals of the motor neuron.

Activity potentials travel the length of the axons of motor neurons to the axon terminals. These motor neurons __________.

C. extend from the brain or spinal string to the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cobweb

Calcium entry into the axon terminal triggers which of the post-obit events?

A. Synaptic vesicles fuse to the plasma membrane of the axon terminal and release acetylcholine.

Acetylcholine binds to its receptor in the sarcolemma and triggers __________.

C. the opening of ligand-gated cation channels

Sodium and potassium ions do non lengthened in equal numbers through ligand-gated cation channels. Why?

A. The within surface of the sarcolemma is negatively charged compared to the outside surface. Sodium ions diffuse inward along favorable chemic and electrical gradients.
B. The within surface of the sarcolemma is negatively charged compared to
the outside surface. Potassium ions lengthened inward along favorable chemical and electrical gradients.
C. The outside surface of the sarcolemma is negatively charged compared to the inside surface. Sodium ions diffuse outward along favorable chemical and electric gradients.
D. The exterior surface of the sarcolemma is negatively charged compared to the within surface. Potassium ions diffuse outward along favorable chemic and electrical gradients.

A. The within surface of the sarcolemma is negatively charged compared to the outside surface. Sodium ions diffuse inward along favorable chemic and electrical gradients.

The cross bridge bike is a series of molecular events that occur after excitation of the sarcolemma. What is a cantankerous bridge?

B. A myosin caput bound to actin

What structure is the functional unit of contraction in a skeletal muscle fiber?

A. The sarcomere

Calcium ions couple excitation of a skeletal musculus cobweb to contraction of the fiber. Where are calcium ions stored inside the fiber?

B. Calcium ions are stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

After a power stroke, the myosin head must detach from actin earlier some other power stroke can occur. What causes cross bridge detachment?

D. ATP binds to the myosin head.

How does the myosin caput obtain the energy required for activation?

D. The free energy comes from the hydrolysis of ATP.

What specific upshot triggers the uncovering of the myosin binding site on actin?

D. Calcium ions bind to troponin and change its shape.

When does cross bridge cycling stop?

A. Cross bridge cycling ends when calcium release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum open.
B. Cross bridge cycling ends when calcium ions are passively transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
C. Cross span cycling ends when sufficient calcium has been actively transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum to allow calcium to unbind from troponin.
D. Cross bridge cycling ends when ATP binds to the myosin head.

C. Cross span cycling ends when sufficient calcium has been actively transported dorsum into the sarcoplasmic reticulum to allow calcium to unbind from troponin.

In the figure above, which structure corresponds to a single skeletal musculus cell?

D. C

The connective tissue that covers structure A is continuous with which of the post-obit?

A. tendon
B. sarcolemma
C. endomysium
D. ligament

A. tendon

Which construction corresponds to a single fascicle?

A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D

B. B

Which of the following is the smallest structural unit in which the distinctive striated bands feature of skeletal musculus are observed?

A. D

The smallest contractile unit of measurement within skeletal muscle would stand for to the distance between which two points in the effigy?

A. iii and v
B. 1 and seven
C. 2 and half-dozen
D. ane and 3

B. 1 and vii

Betwixt which two points would in that location be substantial amounts of both the proteins actin and myosin?

A. 2 and iii
B. 1 and 2
C. 3 and v
D. None of the listed responses is correct.

A. 2 and 3

The region between which ii points corresponds to the I band?

A. 3 and five
B. 2 and 5
C. 2 and three
D. None of the listed responses is correct.

D. None of the listed responses is correct.

What cellular event is indicated by A?

A. facilitated improvidence
B. active transport
C. endocytosis
D. exocytosis

D. exocytosis

What result direct triggers the release of neurotransmitter shown in A?

A. improvidence of 1000+ into the axonal terminus
B. improvidence of Na+ out of the axonal terminus
C. improvidence of Ca2+ into the axonal terminus
D. diffusion of Na+ into the axonal terminus

C. diffusion of Ca2+ into the axonal terminus

What specific neurotransmitter is released from the axonal terminus as shown in A?

A. myosin
B. calcium
C. actin
D. acetylcholine

D. acetylcholine

Which statement accurately describes the event indicated by B?

A. Improvidence of Ca2+ into the muscle fiber triggers the diffusion of acetylcholine out of the musculus fiber.
B. Binding of acetylcholine to a receptor triggers the opening of an ion channel.
C. Diffusion of acetylcholine into the muscle fiber triggers the opening of an ion channel.
D. Diffusion of acetylcholine into the muscle fiber triggers the diffusion of Ca2+ out of the muscle fiber.

B. Binding of acetylcholine to a receptor triggers the opening of an ion channel.

Which event is well-nigh significant in initiating the "wave of depolarization" shown in event C?

A. diffusion of Na+ into the muscle fiber
B. diffusion of One thousand+ out of the muscle fiber
C. improvidence of acetylcholine down the length of the muscle fiber
D. diffusion of acetylcholine into the musculus cobweb

A. diffusion of Na+ into the muscle fiber

The protein actin is indicated by which letter?

A. A

Which protein is indicated by East?

A. actin
B. troponin
C. tropomyosin
D. myosin

D. myosin

The molecular interaction described as a "cantankerous span" involves the binding of which two of the letters beneath?

A. B and D
B. A and C
C. A and B
D. A and D

B. A and C

Which lettered protein functions every bit a motor protein?

A. C

The protein troponin is shown in this figure to be bound to which substance?

A. calcium ion

In which stage in the figure would the net movement of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) be greatest?

C. C

Which of the following is true concerning the beefcake of a skeletal muscle cobweb?

B. Myofibrils contain thick and sparse filaments.

The calcium that initiates skeletal musculus contraction is released from what structure(s)?

B. terminal cisternae

Which of the following are composed of myosin?

A. thick filaments

In muscle fibers, which regulatory protein blocks the attachment of myosin heads to actin?

B. tropomyosin

What result nearly directly triggers the release of calcium from the terminal cisternae?

D. action potential propagating downward the T tubule

How do calcium ions initiate contraction in skeletal musculus fibers?

C. Calcium ions bind to troponin, changing troponin'southward shape.

Which of the following best describes the events of "excitation" in "excitation-wrinkle coupling"?

B. propagation of the action potential forth the sarcolemma

Which of the following best describes the events of "contraction" in "excitation-contraction coupling"?

B. cross bridge formation

Isometric contraction leads to movement of a load. Truthful or False

False

Thick myofilaments are made of ________.

A. myosin
B. tropomyosin
C. troponin
D. actin

A. myosin

Which pathway for regenerating ATP provides the majority of the energy used for musculus activity during 30 minutes of light to moderate exercise?

A. aerobic respiration
B. use of stored ATP
C. anaerobic glycolysis
D. directly phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate

A. aerobic respiration

The type of musculus found in the walls of most hollow organs is ________.

A. skeletal muscle
B. cardiac muscle
C. unitary smooth muscle
D. multi unit smooth muscle

C. unitary polish musculus

A muscle that is lengthening while it produces tension is performing a(an) ________ contraction.

A. isometric
B. maximal
C. eccentric
D. concentric

C. eccentric

The first stride toward generating a skeletal muscle contraction is ________.

A. binding of the myosin heads to actin
B. stimulation of the muscle by a nerve ending
C. binding of ATP to the myosin heads
D. a rising in intracellular Ca2+ levels

B. stimulation of the muscle past a nerve catastrophe

Which muscle fiber type is all-time suited for endurance activities, such every bit long-distance jogging?

A. fast oxidative fibers
B. fast glycolytic fibers
C. slow glycolytic fibers
D. slow oxidative fibers

D. wearisome oxidative fibers

What is the type of chemical reaction used to rebuild ADP into ATP?

A. dehydration synthesis

Which of the following processes produces molecules of ATP and has two pyruvic acrid molecules as end products?

C. glycolysis

Which of the following processes produces 36 ATP?

A. Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

The "remainder and recovery" menstruum, where the muscle restores depleted reserves, includes all of the following processes EXCEPT __________.

B. Pyruvic acid is converted back to lactic acrid.

Which blazon of muscle cobweb has a large quantity of glycogen and mainly uses glycolysis to synthesize ATP?

A. white fast twitch fibers
B. red ho-hum twitch fibers

A. white fast twitch fibers

In which phase of the muscle twitch shown in the above figure would the maximum amount of ATP exist consumed past myosin head groups?

A. B

When muscle cells intermission down glucose to generate ATP nether oxygen scarce atmospheric condition, they will form ________.

A. glucose
B. fat acids
C. lactic acrid
D. glycogen

C. lactic acid

The force of a musculus contraction is NOT afflicted by __________.

A. the number of muscle fibers stimulated
B. the frequency of the stimulation
C. the size of the muscle fibers stimulated
D. the degree of muscle stretch
E. the amount of ATP stored in the muscle cells

E. the amount of ATP stored in the musculus cells

Cross span formation between myosin heads and actin molecules is caused by the acme of calcium ion concentration in the cytosol. During rigor mortis, this elevation of calcium ion concentration in the cytosol is permanent because ________.

A. mitochondria stop producing ATP molecules required by the sarcoplasmic reticulum's calcium ion pumps
B. troponin molecules bind irreversibly to calcium ions to prevent them from being removed from the cytosol
C. tropomyosin molecules bind irreversibly to calcium ions to prevent them from being removed from the cytosol
D. acetylcholine continues to stimulate the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A. mitochondria stop producing ATP molecules required by the sarcoplasmic reticulum's calcium ion pumps

The sliding filament model of contraction states that ________.

A. during contraction the thin myofilaments slide by the thick myofilaments and then that calcium ions can exist released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
B. during contraction the thin myofilaments slide past the thick myofilaments so that the actin and myosin myofilaments no longer overlap
C. during contraction the thin myofilaments slide past T tubules and so that the Z discs are overlapping
D. during wrinkle the thin myofilaments slide past the thick myofilaments so that the actin and myosin myofilaments overlap to a greater degree

D. during contraction the thin myofilaments slide past the thick myofilaments and so that the actin and myosin myofilaments overlap to a greater degree

The distance between Z discs ________ during muscle wrinkle.

A. increases
B. decreases
C. decreases and and then increases
D. stays the same

B. decreases

Which protein inhibits interaction between actin and myosin to preclude skeletal muscle wrinkle; and which ions remove the
inhibition?

A. tropomyosin; calcium ions
B. myosin; sodium ions
C. troponin; sodium ions
D. actin; calcium ions

A. tropomyosin; calcium ions

The response of a motor unit of measurement to a single action potential of its motor neuron is called ________.

A. a muscle twitch
B. recruitment
C. wave summation
D. a tetanic contraction

A. a musculus twitch

What effect would exist expected if an additional stimulus, equal in intensity to the commencement, were to be applied to the musculus at the sixty millisecond (ms) time betoken?

A. Tension would increment to the same maximum strength measured at the beginning of phase C.
B. The muscle would quickly return to the fully relaxed state of minimum tension.
C. The muscle would increase in tension to a level greater than that measured at the first of phase C.
D. The tension exerted by the musculus would proceed to decrease, simply at a significantly slower rate than observed without the 2d stimulus.

C. The muscle would increase in tension to a level greater than that measured at the outset of stage C.

Ho-hum oxidative muscle fibers are best suited for ________.

A. running a marathon
B. running a 100-g dash
C. hitting a baseball game
D. lifting heavy weights at the gym

A. running a marathon

Cull the FALSE statement.

A. Skeletal muscle cells have glycosomes.
B. Skeletal muscle cells use creatine phosphate instead of ATP to do work.
C. Skeletal musculus cells take T tubules.
D. Skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated.
Eastward. Skeletal muscle cells comprise myoglobin.

B. Skeletal muscle cells use creatine phosphate instead of ATP to do piece of work.

What special feature of polish muscle allows it to stretch without immediately resulting in a strong contraction?

A. stress-relaxation response
B. low energy requirements
C. slow, prolonged contractile activity
D. smooth musculus tone

A. stress-relaxation response

The smallest contractile unit of a muscle cobweb is ________.

A. the elastic filament
B. troponin
C. the sarcomere
D. the myofilament

C. the sarcomere

Cardiac musculus makes most of its ATP via anaerobic pathways. True or False

False; aerobic

Binding of calcium to calmodulin is a step in excitation-contraction coupling of ________ cells.

A. smooth musculus
B. skeletal musculus
C. cardiac musculus
D. cardiac and visceral smooth muscle

A. shine muscle

Smooth muscles are able to regenerate throughout life. Truthful or False

True

Which of the following is True?

A. Skeletal muscle fibers tend to be shorter than smooth muscle fibers.
B. Skeletal muscle fibers contain sarcomeres; smooth musculus fibers do not.
C. Skeletal muscle cells accept one nucleus, but polish muscle cells are multinucleated.
D. Skeletal muscle lacks the coarse connective tissue sheaths that are found in smooth musculus.

B. Skeletal muscle fibers comprise sarcomeres; smooth muscle fibers exercise non.

Which of the following factors influence the velocity and duration of musculus wrinkle?

A. length of musculus fibers activated
B. frequency of stimulation
C. load placed on the muscle
D. muscle fiber size

C. load placed on the musculus

The major role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is to regulate ________.

A. intracellular levels of Na+
B. extracellular levels of Ca2+
C. extracellular levels of Na+
D. intracellular levels of Ca2+

D. intracellular levels of Ca2+

Source: https://freezingblue.com/flashcards/220093/preview/chapter-9-muscles-and-muscles-tissue-mastering-a-p

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